Researchers used machine learning to analyze artwork authenticity, particularly focusing on Raphael’s Madonna della Rosa. The AI, utilizing techniques such as deep feature analysis and ResNet50 model, identified inconsistencies in the painting, suggesting that Raphael’s pupil Giulio Romano may have contributed. The study demonstrates the potential of AI in authenticating art and highlighting collaboration among Renaissance artists.
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Researchers Use AI to Analyze Artwork Authenticity
Researchers have applied AI analysis to one of Raphael’s most famous paintings, the Madonna della Rosa. The AI, documented in a study published in Heritage Science, has identified that the face of St Joseph in the artwork was likely not wholly painted by Raphael himself.
While confirming an artist’s contribution to a painting typically requires largely subjective analysis, the researchers leveraged a machine learning algorithm to discern different techniques used in the work to peel back its origins.
AI Models and Techniques
The researchers used a well-known AI model called ResNet50, originally designed for recognizing objects in images, and adapted it to focus on artworks, especially to identify features unique to Raphael’s paintings. Alongside ResNet50, the study used a method known as Support Vector Machine (SVM) to classify the artworks more accurately, achieving a 98% success rate in identifying Raphael’s paintings.
Furthermore, the researchers developed techniques to analyze the brushstrokes in a painting, providing another layer of verifying authenticity.
Extended Capability of AI
Mathematician and computer scientist Hassan Ugail from the University of Bradford explained that the AI’s extended capability versus human analysis, noting, “The computer sees far more deeply than the human eye, to microscopic level.”
The AI’s findings add weight to the long-standing theory that Giulio Romano, a pupil of Raphael, may have contributed to the painting, particularly in the depiction of St Joseph.
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