BEAL: A Bayesian Deep Active Learning Method for Efficient Deep Multi-Label Text Classification

BEAL: A Bayesian Deep Active Learning Method for Efficient Deep Multi-Label Text Classification

Multi-Label Text Classification (MLTC)

Multi-label text classification (MLTC) is a technique that assigns multiple relevant labels to a single text. While deep learning models excel in this area, they often require a lot of labeled data, which can be expensive and time-consuming.

Practical Solutions with Active Learning

Active learning optimizes the labeling process by selecting the most informative unlabeled samples for annotation, significantly reducing the effort needed for labeling. However, most current active learning methods are tailored for single-label models, making them less effective for deep multi-label models. This creates a need for specialized techniques in active learning for MLTC.

Benefits of Active Learning

Active learning allows models to request labels for the most valuable unlabeled samples, lowering annotation costs. Common strategies include:

  • Membership query synthesis
  • Stream-based selective sampling
  • Pool-based sampling

Introducing BEAL

Researchers from the Institute of Automation and other institutions have developed BEAL, a deep active learning method specifically for MLTC. BEAL leverages Bayesian deep learning to estimate the model’s predictive confidence and introduces a new acquisition function for selecting uncertain samples.

Efficiency and Performance

Tests on datasets like AAPD and StackOverflow reveal that BEAL improves training efficiency, achieving better results with fewer labeled samples—64% less on AAPD and 40% less on StackOverflow compared to other methods.

Batch-Mode Active Learning Framework

BEAL employs a batch-mode active learning framework, starting with a small labeled dataset and iteratively selecting unlabeled samples for annotation. The selection is based on the model’s predictive uncertainty, enhancing efficiency by minimizing the need for labeled data.

Conclusion

BEAL showcases a significant advancement in active learning for deep MLTC models, utilizing Bayesian deep learning to enhance training efficiency. This method is especially beneficial in real-world scenarios where acquiring large labeled datasets is challenging.

Future Directions

Future research will focus on incorporating diversity-based methods to further reduce the labeled data needed for effective MLTC model training.

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