A Simple Guide to Understand the apply() Functions in R

This article provides an overview of the apply family of functions in R, including apply(), lapply(), sapply(), and tapply(). The apply() function applies a specified function to all the elements of a row or column in a dataset. The lapply() function is used to apply a function to each element of a list. sapply() is a user-friendly version of lapply() that returns a vector or matrix of the same length. Finally, tapply() is used when working with factors or groups. It applies a function to every group of values.

 A Simple Guide to Understand the apply() Functions in R

In this article, the author discusses the different functions in R’s apply family: apply(), lapply(), sapply(), and tapply(). The apply() function applies a specified function to all elements of a row or column in a matrix. The lapply() function applies a function to each element in a list and returns a list of the same length. The sapply() function is a user-friendly version of lapply() that returns a simplified object like an array. The tapply() function is used to apply a function to each group of values, similar to a group by operation. The author provides examples and explanations for each function.

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